The parts of Medicare
| Part | What it helps cover | Where to learn more |
|---|---|---|
| Part A | Inpatient hospital care, eligible skilled nursing facility care, hospice and some home health care. | Original Medicare. Coverage conditions and cost sharing apply. |
| Part B | Doctor visits, outpatient care, eligible supplies and preventive services. | Original Medicare. A monthly premium and other costs can apply. |
| Part C | Medicare Advantage: a private plan that provides Part A/B benefits; most include drugs. | Medicare Advantage guide |
| Part D | Prescription drugs covered by the plan’s formulary. | Prescription drug guide |
Who can get Medicare?
Most people first qualify at age 65. Certain younger people qualify after receiving disability benefits for the required period or because they have ALS or End-Stage Renal Disease. These pathways have different timing rules; confirm your start date with Social Security or Medicare.
Some people are enrolled automatically because they already receive Social Security or Railroad Retirement benefits. Others need to apply. Do not assume your birthday alone completes enrollment.
Two main ways to receive coverage
You can use Original Medicare and consider a separate Part D plan and Medigap policy, or choose an eligible Medicare Advantage plan. Medigap and Medicare Advantage are different options and do not work together.
Think about your doctors, medications, travel and budget. Review your Medicare coverage options before choosing. Employer, union, VA, TRICARE and Medicaid benefits can affect the decision.
Your first enrollment opportunity
For many people turning 65, the Initial Enrollment Period lasts seven months: three months before the birthday month, that month and three months after. Special rules can apply to a birthday on the first of the month and to eligibility before age 65.
If you have coverage through current employment, ask your benefits administrator whether you can delay Part B without a penalty and which coverage pays first. COBRA and retiree coverage do not necessarily give the same protections. See the enrollment guide.
Prepare for a useful conversation
- Your Medicare card and the effective dates for Parts A and B, if issued.
- A list of doctors, facilities, medicines, dosages and your pharmacy.
- Your ZIP code, current coverage and expected healthcare needs.
- Questions about premiums, deductibles, copayments and maximum out-of-pocket costs.
Do not send a Medicare number, Social Security number or medical records in an ordinary contact form or email. Your agent can explain the secure enrollment process.